Abstract. The study of the Russian Federation National Guard troops role in strengthening Russian statehood is based on the analysis of their activities peculiarities in relation to the content of each of the elements defining the composition of the concept of «statehood». These are the state; the economic structure of society; the social organization of society, including national, religious, and various interpersonal relations; the legal system, etc. The author of the article pays special attention to the identification of the factors influencing the definition of the role of the Russian Federation National Guard troops in strengthening Russian statehood.